Deluge
A deluge system is a fixed fire protection system in which the pipes are empty until the deluge valve is opened to distribute pressurized water and discharge it from open sprinkler nozzles. Deluge systems are more complex than wet and dry pipe systems because they consist of a greater number of components and equipment for activation.
The deluge valve is opened by the activation of a fire detection system installed in the same area as the sprinklers. Different types of detection systems can be used, including smoke, heat, ultraviolet (UV), or infrared (IR) detectors. The deluge system can be activated by a pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, manual trigger system or any combination of these. In all cases, the deluge valve is hydraulically activated.
The places where these systems are commonly used are areas where due to environmental conditions or special risks the rapid application of large quantities of water is required, processing areas that contain substances with a low ignition point; tanks containing combustible solutions, equipment pits or product handling systems
The elements that make it up are: deluge valve with wet, dry or electric activation based on the needs of the risk to be protected.
Preaction
This system uses sprinklers that are joined together in a piping system containing pressurized air or nitrogen, the release of this (when a sprinkler opens) allows the water pressure to open a valve and water can flow into the piping system. and go out through the sprinkler.
It is a sprinkler system that is interconnected to a fire detection system similar to a dry pipe system, but with extra safety stages, these stages can vary depending on the client's needs, avoiding a false alarm and a false discharge. The types of preaction can be:
*Non-interlock; It consists of a single activation.
*Single Interlock; It is a fire pre-alarm that provides sufficient time for alternative extinguishing before any sprinkler activates.
*Double Interlock; Designed for applications such as refrigerated areas that require maximum protection against unwanted sprinkler system operation. Two independent events caused by an actual fire condition are required to activate the system.
Areas commonly protected by preaction systems are valuable areas where accidental discharge can be problematic. These systems are mainly installed in computer rooms, libraries, archives, among others. As well as areas where the temperature is low such as cold rooms, freezers, cold food storage and the like.
The elements that make up this type of system are: smoke detectors, a control panel, electric valves to open the preaction valve, sprinklers, pipes and mechanical (sprinkler) or electrical (smoke detectors) detection elements.
Dry systems
Dry systems are composed of a special valve that retains the water supply to the system, and its functionality is effective in areas where protection with a discharge with a wide flow of water is required so that its activation allows an immediate discharge in the area. to protect.
Dry systems are commonly used in areas where very low or high temperatures exist that can disrupt the operation of a wet system. The sprinkler system piping does not carry water, but is filled with compressed air. When one of the sprinklers is activated, the pipe empties the air inside and allows the valve to open and water travels through the system and exits through the activated sprinklers to control or extinguish the fire.
Places where dry systems are commonly used are: cold areas, freezers, cold rooms and where temperatures are sensitive to water.
The components of these systems are the following: dry valve, galvanized and stainless steel pipes where these prevent rapid oxidation, fire sprinklers and acceleration devices to ensure rapid depressurization of the system.
Foam
Foam extinguishing systems use a foam-forming chemical that forms foam when mixed with water and air. They are used in areas where water is not enough to extinguish the fire or causes a reaction with the combustible material. These systems are divided into 3 types: low, medium and high expansion. Depending on the risk to be protected, the correct one is chosen.
The areas where low expansion foam systems are commonly used are areas where the risk surface must be covered where there are large fuel tanks to cool, extinguish and prevent the spread of the fire. As well as in hangars where the product occupies a lot of volume, thus complying with the certifications established by local and/or international standards.
The components are: foam bladder tank (vertical or horizontal), pipes, multi-centrifugal pump (in case of complete and single protection with foam systems), foam nozzles, proportioner, foam creation devices, foam chamber, low expansion foam creator (commonly used in fuel tank dams that, when there is a spill, covers the area of the dam with foam, preventing the spread of the fire and extinguishing it), medium and high expansion foam creator, valve hydraulic/pneumatic, deluge valve where system piping is dry.
Suppression in kitchen hoods
The kitchen hood suppression system is an automatic and pre-designed fire suppression system, which focuses on the protection of areas associated with cooking and ventilation equipment, such as hoods, stoves, fryers, griddles, ducts, plenums, filters. , etc.
The system has automatic activation with detection line and manual activation with a manual trigger device, once activation is carried out the system cuts off the gas supply and releases the potassium-based agent which aims to suffocate the flames and eliminate vapors.